劍橋雅思5 Test 1閱讀Passage 2答案解析Nature or Nurture
2023-06-08 11:03:58 來源:中國教育在線
劍橋雅思5 Test 1閱讀Passage 2答案解析Nature or Nurture,今天中國教育在線就來為大家分析這個問題。
Nature or Nurture
服從實驗
劍橋雅思5 Test 1 Passage 2閱讀答案解析
第14題答案:F
對應原文:F段:Milgram’s teacher-subjects were just following a genetic need to discharge this pent-up primal urge onto the pupil by administering the electrical shock
解析:對實驗對象行為的具體解釋主要是F,G和H三段,其中F段將的是基因的問題,對應題干中的biological,而G段和H段則主要說是社會環境的影響。由此確定答案為F
第15題答案:A
對應原文:A段:Specifically,Milgram told each volunteer‘teacher-subject’that the experiment was in the noble cause of education
解析:關于實驗的介紹主要出現在前三段,而B段和C段以實驗步驟為主。因此我們先看A段,如果實在找不到對應內容再去看B段和C段,結果發現A段中的In the noble cause of education,即實驗室為了教育的高尚目的,與題干中的explanation能夠對應,因此確定答案。
第16題答案:B
對應原文:B段:The supposed‘pupil’was in reality an actor hired by Milgram
解析:跟上面一樣,對實驗素材的介紹應該在開頭部分,A段已經選過,題干文章來自老烤鴨雅思中也沒有說明有選項可以使用兩次,因此直接排除。將注意力集中在B段和C段,發現B段中間提到學生其實是演員,對應identity一詞,由此確定答案。
第17題答案:D
對應原文:D段:The psychiatrists felt that‘most subjects would not go beyond 150 volts’and they further anticipated that only four per cent would go up to 300 volts.Furthermore,they thought that only a lunatic fringe of about one in 1,000 would give the highest shock of 450 volts.
解析:整個D段都是在說精神科醫生預測的事情。當然大家也可以根據題干中的statistical一詞去文章中尋找百分比,進而確定答案。
第18題答案:I
對應原文:I段:This,in essence,is the problem of modern sociobiology–to discover the degree to which hard-wired genetic programming dictates…
解析:sociobiology在最后幾段才出現。根據14題的分析,F段,G段和H段都在解釋實驗對象的具體行為,不像是有這種總結性質的東西,因此我們先從I段看起,發現其中的破折號和to discover跟題干中的general aim對應,由此確定答案。
第19題答案:C
對應原文:C段:Many of the teacher-subjects balked at administering the higher levels of punishment…Milgram calmly explained that the teacher-subject was to ignore the pupil’s cries for mercy and carry on with the experiment…
解析:這道題目相對要簡單一些,C段的后大半部分幾乎都是在解釋當實驗對象出現猶豫的時候,米爾格拉姆如何勸說他們繼續,跟題干中的Persuade對應,由此確定答案。
第20題答案:B
對應原文:A段:…punishing pupils for their mistakes would have a positive effect on the pupils’ability to learn.
解析:A選項中450伏危險是已經表明的,不需要測試。C選項和D選項完全沒有提到。B選項中的punishment跟learn都是原詞重現,help也可以被認為是positive effect的同義替換,由此確定B是答案。
第21題答案:D
對應原文:B段:The teacher-subject was told that whenever the pupil gave the wrong answer to a question,a shock was to be administered,beginning at the lowest level and increasing in severity with each successive wrong answer
解析:選項A完全沒有提到。實驗過程中是學生指責實驗者,而非相反,因此B選項也排除。C選項錯在降低電擊水平上,原文中只提到了升高,是否降低我們不得而知。而D選項中的punishment就對應電擊,而且原文中也明確說了實行電擊的規則。由此確定答案。
第22題答案:C
對應原文:D段:The overwhelming consensus was that virtually all the teacher-subjects would refuse to obey the experimenter.
E段:What were the actual results?Well,over 60 per cent of the teacher-subjects continued to obey Milgram up to the 450-volt limit!
解析:A選項沒提到,B選項中的fali to agree與原文中consensus相反,也排除。原文中說精神科醫生認為幾乎所有人都會拒絕實行電擊,而實際結果則是有60%的人都采用了450伏的電擊。也就是說他們低估了實驗對象的意愿,因此確定答案為C。
第23題答案:NOT GIVEN
對應原文:Stanley Milgram of Yale University tested 40 subjects from all walks of life for their willingness to obey instructions…
解析:文章只在第一段介紹實驗設計人員身份的時候提到了耶魯大學,并說明實驗對象來自各行各業,但并沒有提到是否包含耶魯大學的學生,因此判斷為NOT GIVEN
第24題答案:TRUE
對應原文:F段:A modern hard-core sociobiologist might even go so far as to claim that this aggressive instinct evolved as an advantageous trait,having been of survival value to our ancestors…
解析:題干前半部分基本都是廢話,判斷的關鍵在于是否存在positive survival mechnism,而這正好與原文中的sruvival value,advantageous trait對應,因此確定答案。
第25題答案:FALSE
對應原文:H段:…surrendering individual properties like loyalty,self-sacrifice and discipline to the service of malevolent systems of authority.
解析:sociological explanation在原文中的G段和H段出現,題干中的personal value和原文中的individual properties對應,authority原詞出現。但原文中說的是個人品質屈服于權威,而非相反,因此判斷為FALSE
第26題答案:FALSE
對應原文:I段:Here we have two radically different explanations…The problem…is to sort out which of these two polar explanations is more plausible.
解析:根據原文中的說法,我們尚不能分辨實驗結果的兩種解釋究竟哪個對,也就是說還有待解答。這與題干中的solve完全相反,因此判斷答案為FALSE
劍橋雅思5 Test 1閱讀Passa
>> 雅思 托福 免費課程學習,AI量身規劃讓英語學習不再困難<<