雅思寫作提升技巧：活用現在分詞

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1. 現在分詞 vs. 定語從句

在寫作中，現在分詞短語常常可以用來替換句中的定語從句，使句子結構更精簡，形成多樣化的句式。

現在分詞既可修飾人，也可修飾物，被修飾的成分可以是主語、賓語或其他名詞性質的成分。如：

(a) The number of international students coming to western countries increased greatly in recent years. 近幾年，赴西方國家的留學生數量大幅增加。

The number of international students who came to western countries increased greatly in recent years.

(b) This is a tourist book giving information about the dos and one should know when they travel to South East Asia. 這是一本介紹東南亞旅游須知的導游書。

This is a tourist book that gives information about the dos and one should know when they travel to South East Asia.

(c) Anew stadium covering an area of 10 square kilo will be built in the north of the city. 城市北側將興建一座占地10平方千米的體育場。

A new stadium which covers an area of 10 square kilo will be built in the north of the city.

(d) There were over 1000 students studying fashion designing in this college. 這所大學里有一千多名學習時裝設計的學生。

There were over 1000 students who are studying fashion designing in this college.

(e) One can hardly imagine the number of bacteria growing inside a refrigerator. 人們很難想象冰箱里滋生的細菌的數量。

One can hardly imagine the number of bacteria that are growing inside.

【注】現在分詞作定語成分時，它所對應的定語從句的謂語可以是一個一般時態的動詞，如句(a)(b)(c)，也可以是一個進行時態的動詞，如句(e)(f)。

2. 現在分詞 vs. 狀語從句

現在分詞的另一重要用法是充當狀語，通常用以表示原因或時間。

1) 表示原因：相當于一個原因狀語從句

(f) Staying up late last night, he felt asleep in the meeting this morning. 由于昨晚熬夜，他今天上午開會時睡著了。

As he stayed up late last night, he felt asleep in the meeting this morning.

(g) The government planned to build another metro line across the city, hoping to reduce the traffic congestion during the rush hour. 為了緩解高峰時段的交通擁堵，政府計劃再建一條穿過市區的地鐵線。

The government planned to build another metro line across the city, because they hope to reduce the traffic congestion during the rush hour.

2) 表示時間：相當于一個時間狀語從句

(h) While constructing the new residential area, the workers found an old tomb from the Ming Dynasty. 在建新住宅區時，工人們發現了一個明朝古墓。

While they were constructing the new residential area, the workers found an old tomb from the Ming Dynasty.

【注】現在分詞作狀語，表示在做某事的過程中，發生了某事或做某事。這時前面保留when，while等連詞。

(i) Knowing the government's new environment protection policy, many high-techcompanies started developing products that are environmental-friendly. 了解了政府新出臺的環保政策后，許多高科技公司開始開發更環保的產品。

When they know the government's new environment protection policy, many high-tech companies started developing products that are environmental-friendly.

【注】現在分詞作狀語，表示一個動作一發生，另一個動作隨即發生。

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