（雅思課外精讀）變性人士的性別認同到底由誰來決定

【雅思課外精讀】變性人士的性別認同到底由誰來決定？，關于這個問題的答案，你想知道嗎？下面中國教育在線小編就來為各位小伙伴解答分享一下，想要了解的話，那就話不多說，趕緊往下看。

Trans rights

變性人權利

Britains Gender Recognition Act wont change

英國的性別認同法案不會改變

The government goes back on a plan to allow self-ID

政府允許自識別

1. IN THE BATTLE over trans rights, no prisoners are taken. On September 15th J.K.Rowling, the author of the Harry Potter books and a critic of gender ideology, published a new book (under a pseudonym) in which a character occasionally dresses as a woman to stalk his victims. Accusations of transphobia and an online punch-up ensued.

在爭取變性人權利的斗爭中，沒有人會愿意自投羅網。9月15日，《哈利波特》系列作者、性別意識形態批評家J.K.羅琳出版了一本新書(該書是用筆名寫作的)，書中一個角色偶爾會裝扮成女人跟蹤受害者，這使得人們指控她有變性恐懼癥，也在網上引起了熱議。

2. On this issue Ms Rowling, who is also known for her left-of-centre political views, finds herself, along with many other lefty British women, on the same side as the Conservative prime minister, Boris Johnson.This week it was the winning side. On September 22nd the government announced it would not go ahead with a change to the Gender Recognition Act that had been proposed by Mr Johnsons predecessor, Theresa May.

羅琳政治觀點一向偏左，她發現，在這個問題上，她和許多其他左翼英國女性一樣，站在了保守黨首相鮑里斯約翰遜這邊。這周，左翼觀點占據優勢。9月22日，政府宣布將不會修改特蕾莎梅提出的性別認同法案。

3. The act says that anyone can change the gender on their birth certificate, but they must have two medical opinions, including a diagnosis of gender dysphoria. Trans rights groups want to remove the medical gatekeepers and allow people to change their legal gender simply by declaration (known as self-ID), and Mrs May had proposed to do that. Gender critical womens groups warn that such a move would allow any man to enter any women-only space whenever he wants. They have welcomed the governments backtracking. Nancy Kelley, head of Stonewall, a gay and trans lobby group, retorted that the British government had missed a key opportunity to progress LGBT equality, calling it a shocking failure in leadership.

該法案規定，任何人都可以在其出生證明上更改性別，但必須具備兩項醫學意見書，其中包括被診斷為性別焦慮的醫學意見。變性人群體希望可以取消這些醫學診斷，讓人們僅僅通過自我聲明就可以合法地更改自己的性別（即自我識別），特蕾莎梅之前就已經提議采用這樣的方式了。性別批判女性組織警告稱，這樣一來，任何男性都能夠隨意進入女性空間，他們倒是很喜歡政府這樣的倒退。同性戀及跨性別游說團體石墻(Stonewall)的負責人南希凱利反駁稱，英國政府錯過了推進LGBT平等進程的一個關鍵機會，稱這是領導力上令人震驚的失敗。

4. James Johnson, a pollster with JL Partners, believes the government has concluded there is little political advantage to be gained by perpetuating a culture war. Gender issues are right at the bottom of the agenda for most voters, he says. Were not America.

JL Partners的民調專家詹姆斯約翰遜認為，政府已經明白繼續這場文化斗爭沒有任何好處。他說，性別問題不是大多數選民關注的點，我們畢竟不是美國。

5. When ordinary people are asked for their views, they turn out to be rather cautious and conservative. A survey in June by YouGov found that 63% of the public believe a doctors approval should be required to change their legal gender. Some 46% say that trans women should not use womens changing rooms if they have not undergone gender reassignment surgery, against 26% who believe they ought to be allowed.

普通人對這個問題是相當謹慎和保守的。YouGov今年6月的一項調查發現，63%的人認為，要改變自己的合法性別，必須得到醫生的批準。約46%的人認為變性女性如果沒有做過變性手術就不應該使用女性更衣室，而僅有26%的人變性女性可以進入女性空間。

6. Yet the governments decision to abandon gender self-ID is unlikely to shut down the debate nor bring Ms Rowling respite from online attacks. That is because another piece of legislation, the Equality Act, already allows trans women into womens spaces in some circumstances. Self-ID wont now happen in legislation, but it is already effectively public policy throughout British society, says Stephanie Davies-Arai of Transgender Trend, a group campaigning against the medical transitioning of children.

然而，政府放棄性別身份認證的決定，不太可能阻止這場辯論，也不太可能讓羅琳免受網絡攻擊。這是因為《平等法案》，已經允許跨性別女性在某些情況下進入女性空間。自我識別不可能合法化，但它已經成為整個英國社會有效的公共政策，跨性別趨勢組織的Stephanie Davies-Arai說，該組織是一個反對對兒童實施變性手術的組織。

7. As well as protecting people on the basis of race and other characteristics, the Equality Act protects gender reassignment, a vague term. The law is too open to interpretation, says Rosa Freedman, a professor of law at Reading University. Under the act, trans women may enter some womens spaces, although they can be excluded if the bar can be proved to be aproportionate means to achieving a legitimate aim. The lack of clarity leaves space for groups on both sides to lobby public bodies for their preferred interpretation. Ms Davies-Arai calls it self-ID by the back door.

《平等法案》除了保護基于種族和其他特征的人之外，也保護性別重置，這是一個很模糊的術語。雷丁大學(Reading University)法學教授羅莎弗里德曼表示，這項法律太過模糊，沒法給出準確解釋。根據該法案，跨性別女性可以進入一些女性空間，但是，如果能夠證明禁止她們進入女性空間是 達到合法目的的適當手段，那么，她們就會被排除在外。由于這一術語不夠明確，雙方團體都能夠游說公共機構，讓它們接受自己的解釋。Davies-Arai女士稱之為走后門的自我識別。

8. We need a legal definition of four things: woman, female, sex and gender identity, says Professor Freedman. Ms Rowling has some ideas on definition: Woman is not a costume, woman is not an idea in a mans head, woman is not a pink brain, she wrote recently.

關于【雅思課外精讀】變性人士的性別認同到底由誰來決定？這個問題本文的分享就到這里結束了，如果您還想了解更多相關的內容，那么可以持續關注本頻道。

>> 雅思 托福 免費課程學習，AI量身規劃讓英語學習不再困難<<